Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Acoustical measurements
1.2 Instantaneous and effective (RMS) value
1.3 Sound pressure level
1.4 Equivalent level
1.4.1 Stabilization time for Leq
1.5 Weighted levels
1.6 Exceedance levels
1.6.1 Stabilization time for exceedance levels
1.7 Spectrum analysis
1.7.1 Constant percentage spectrum analyzer
1.7.2 Line spectrum analyzer
1.7.3 Line spectrum and time-frequency uncertainty
1.7.4 Line spectrum and power spectral density 1.7.5 Band filters
1.7.6 Transient response of band filters
1.7.7 Parseval's identity
1.7.8 Effect of spectrum tolerance on Parseval's identity
1.7.9 Weighted levels computed from one-third octave bands
Chapter 2 UNCERTAINTY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Resolution, precision, accuracy
2.3 Measurement method and procedure
2.3.1 Direct and indirect measurement methods 2.4 Measurement model
2.5 Uncertainty
2.5.1 Type A Uncertainty
2.5.2 Type B uncertainty
2.5.3 Expanded uncertainty
2.5.4 Combined standard uncertainty
2.6 Examples
2.6.1 Relationship between uncertainties in level and pressure
2.6.2 Uncertainty in the correction of environmental conditions
2.6.3 Uncertainty in the calculation of the equivalent level
2.6.4 Uncertainty in A-weighting computed from octave spectrum
2.6.5 Uncertainty in the measurement of sound transmission loss
2.7 Uncertainty and resolution
2.8 Uncertainty and systematic error
2.8.1 Additive systematic error
2.8.2 Multiplicative systematic error 2.8.3 Non linear systematic error
2.8.4 Uncorrected systematic errors
2.9 Chain calculation of uncertainty
Chapter 3 DIGITAL RECORDING
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Digital audio
3.3 Sampling
3.4 Digitization
3.5 Signal-to-noise ratio
3.6 Low-level distorsion
3.7 Dither
3.8 Jitter
3.9 D/A and A/D conversion
3.9.1 Digital / analog conversion
3.9.2 Analog / digital conversion
3.10 Pulse code modulation (PCM)
3.11 Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM)
3.12 Delta modulation (DM)
3.13 Sigma-delta modulation (SDM)
3.14 Digital recording devices
3.15 Sound file formats
3.15.1 WAV format
3.15.2 FLAC format
3.16 Project files
3.16.1 AUP format
3.16.2 AU format
3.16.3 AUF format
3.16.4 External access to audio data
3.17 Recording and storage media 3.17.1 Hard disk
3.17.2 Flash memory
3.17.3 Optical discs
3.17.4 Digital audio tape (DAT)
3.18 File systems
3.18.1 FAT 32
3.18.2 NTFS
3.18.3 EXT4
3.18.4 HFS+
3.18.5 UDF
3.19 Long-term preservation
3.20 Conclusion
Chapter 4 DIGITAL AUDIO EDITING
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Audacity
4.2.1 Opening an existing file
4.2.2 Recoding sounds
4.2.3 Generating signals
4.2.4 Adding new tracks
4.2.5 Saving a project
4.2.6 Selection
4.2.7 Labels
4.2.8 Selection in the presence of labels
4.2.9 Calibration tone
4.2.10 FFT filters
4.2.11 Spectrogram and
About the Author: Federico Miyara graduated as an Electronic Engineer from the Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) in 1984. He then joined the faculty of his alma mater, first as an assistant teacher and later as an associate professor. There, he founded the Laboratory of Acoustics and Electroacoustics and has served as its director for more than 20 years. Over the years, he has led several postgraduate courses at the UNR, as well as at other universities in Argentina, Spain, Chile, Uruguay and Bolivia.
He has conducted research in the field of noise assessment, particularly in noise mapping and in noise at the work place, as well as in psychoacoustics, musical acoustics, and architectural acoustics. His publications include four previous books on the subject of Acoustics, including the original Spanish-language version of this book. As a pianist and composer, the author attributes his initial interest in Acoustics to his curiosity about the science of music.
