This book includes innovative gas-geothermometers and geobarometers, which are urgently needed to estimate the increasingly higher temperatures and pressures present at depth below the Solfatara volcano, owing to its on-going unrest. Therefore, in this book, new gas geoindicators, applicable up to ca. 1000°C and 3 kbar, have been implemented and applied to Solfatara fluids. The innovations of this book include: methane, having a sluggish behavior, was treated separately from fast-reacting carbon monoxide; deviations from the ideal gas behavior were considered; the effects of reaction kinetics were taken into account. This was possible because a dataset including many geochemical parameters and extending from 1983 to 2020 with a good sampling frequency is available for Solfatara, making it a case history probably unique worldwide. Nevertheless, the gas geoindicators described in this book can be applied to other similar systems. Thus, this book is of interest to many scientists studying gas geochemistry, geothermometry, and geobarometry for volcanic surveillance and the mitigation of the volcanic risk.
About the Author: Luigi Marini has an activity record of more than 40 years in applied geochemistry, both in the industrial sector (in the companies of the ENI Group Geotecneco and Aquater and in the private companies Geotermica Italiana, Chemgeo, and STEAM), as well as in the teaching and research sector, at the University of Genova and at the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of the National Research Council of Italy (IGG-CNR) in Pisa. He has been involved in several applied-research projects (funded by the European Union, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CNR, the Tuscany Region, etc.) to develop new geochemical methodologies.
Claudia Principe serves as a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of CNR (IGG-CNR) of Pisa where she leads the laboratories for archaeomagnetic measurements and microstratigraphic coring studies. Her research interests include the chrono-stratigraphy and geological mapping in volcanic areas for the evaluation of the volcanic hazard as well as the history of volcanology and geo-archaeology for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. She is author of more than 160 scientific articles and geological maps of several volcanoes.
Matteo Lelli received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Earth Sciences at the University of Pisa in 1999 and 2004, respectively. Since 2010, he is serving as a researcher at the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of the National Research Council of Italy (IGG-CNR) in Pisa, where he currently leads the fluid geochemical laboratory for water and gas analyses. His research activity is focused on fluid geochemistry in different frameworks. He participated in several scientific and/or industrial projects aimed at the exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources and the evaluation and mitigation of volcanic hazard both in Italy (Aeolian Islands, Campi Flegrei, Larderello and Monte Amiata) and abroad.
