Sophismes Economiques by M. Georges Ballin - Bookswagon
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Sophismes Economiques

Sophismes Economiques


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About the Book

Un sophisme, ou argumentation à la logique fallacieuse, est un raisonnement qui cherche à apparaître comme rigoureux mais qui en réalité n'est pas valide au sens de la logique (quand bien même sa conclusion serait pourtant vraie). À l'inverse du paralogisme qui est une erreur involontaire dans un raisonnement, le sophisme est fallacieux: il est prononcé avec l'intention de tromper l'auditoire afin, par exemple, de prendre l'avantage dans une discussion. Souvent, les sophismes prennent l'apparence d'un syllogisme (qui repose sur des prémisses insuffisantes ou non-pertinentes ou qui procède par enthymème, etc.). Ils peuvent aussi s'appuyer sur d'autres mécanismes psychologiques jouant par exemple avec l'émotion de l'auditoire, l'ascendant social du locuteur (argument d'autorité) ou des biais cognitifs (comme l'oubli de la fréquence de base). Dans la Grèce antique, les sophistes dont le nom est à l'origine du terme sophisme, enseignaient l'éloquence et l'art de la persuasion. Et c'est pour démasquer leur rhétorique parfois fallacieuse que les philosophes ont posé les bases de la logique. Depuis les Réfutations sophistiques d'Aristote, de nombreux philosophes ont ainsi cherché à établir une classification générale des sophismes pour, le plus souvent, s'en prémunir (Bacon, Mill, Bentham) mais à l'inverse, d'autres auteurs, comme Arthur Schopenhauer dans La Dialectique éristique (1830), ont aussi défendu l'usage du sophisme pour son efficacité dialectique.
About the Author: Naissance 30 juin 1801 Bayonne (France) Décès 24 décembre 1850 (à 49 ans) Rome Champs économiste, homme politique libéral français. Claude, Frédéric Bastiat, plus communément Frédéric Bastiat (Bayonne, 30 juin 1801 - Rome, 24 décembre 1850 (à 49 ans) est un économiste, homme politique et polémiste libéral français. Entré tardivement dans le débat public, il marque la France du milieu du XIXe siècle en prenant part aux débats économiques: il collabore régulièrement au Journal des Économistes et entretient une polémique virulente avec Proudhon. Élu à l'Assemblée, il participe à la vie politique française en votant tantôt avec la gauche, tantôt avec la droite[Livre 1]. Il développe une pensée libérale, caractérisée par la défense du libre-échange ou de la concurrence et l'opposition au socialisme et au colonialisme. Il est considéré comme un précurseur de l'école autrichienne d'économie et de l'école des choix publics[Livre 2]. Tombé dans un oubli relatif en France, il bénéficie d'une renommée internationale, en particulier grâce à ses Harmonies économiques. Pascal Salin y voit la conséquence de la trop grande clarté de ses écrits et reprend une citation de Bastiat: Le public est ainsi fait qu'il se défie autant de ce qui est simple qu'il se lasse de ce qui ne l'est pas


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781495378041
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 280 mm
  • No of Pages: 146
  • Series Title: French
  • Weight: 403 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1495378047
  • Publisher Date: 30 Jan 2014
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 8 mm
  • Width: 216 mm


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