STATISTICAL MODELS FOR SEGMENTATION FROM MR LOCALIZER IMAGES
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STATISTICAL MODELS FOR SEGMENTATION FROM MR LOCALIZER IMAGES

STATISTICAL MODELS FOR SEGMENTATION FROM MR LOCALIZER IMAGES


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About the Book

In dieser Dissertation werden Methoden zur Segmentierung anatomischer Strukturen in Planungsbildernder Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT), sogenannten Localizer-Bildern, vorgestellt.Localizer sind schnelle MR-Scanprotokolle zur Untersuchungsplanung. Segmentierungenanatomischer Strukturen aus diesen Bildern konnen fur Anwendungen zur vollautomatischenUntersuchungsplanung, z.B. Organlokalisierungen, Schichtpositionierungen, Sequenzanpassungen,etc. verwendet werden. Da Localizer-Bilder nicht hinsichtlich Bildqualitatsondern hinsichtlich Messzeit und Abdeckung optimiert sind, sind modellbasierte statistischeVerfahren fur die Segmentierung vorteilhaft.Zwei Methoden werden Die erste ist eine Methode zur Rekonstruktion von Leberform,-position und -orientierung aus einer Serie von wenigen 2D-Planungsschichtbildernmit großem Schichtabstand. Dazu wird ein Active Shape Model aus manuellen Lebersegmentierungenvon 3D Trainingsbildern erstellt, das die durchschnittliche Leberform und die Hauptkomponentenseiner Varianz beschreibt. Korrespondierende Landmarkenpunkte auf der Oberflache werden durch Remeshing mit Hilfe konformer Abbildungen in der spharischen Domaneinitialisiert und verfeinert durch Optimierung eines Korrespondenzmaßes, welches auf MinimumDescription Length (MDL) basiert und die Kompaktheit des generierten statistischenModells beschreibt. Die Segmentierung der Leber aus den gestapelten 2D-Schichtbildern erfolgtdurch durch die Berechnung derjenigen Modellinstanz des Active Shape Models, welchebestmoglich die Bilddaten beschreibt. Man erreicht dies durch iterative Berechnung optimalerVerschiebungen der Landmarken. Die optimalen Verschiebungen beruhen auf Grauwertprofilenin den Bildern und einer normalisierten lokalen Statistik der Grauwertverteilungen in denTrainingsbildern. Die Instanz des Active Shape Models, die die gefundenen Verschiebungender Landmarken am besten reprasentiert, wird durch eine Projektion auf den Linearraum desActive Shape Models gefunden. Daraus erhalt man eine gultige Modellinstanz, die die Verschiebungender Landmarken bestmoglich beschreibt.Die Ergebnisse der Segmentierung aus generierten Localizer-Bildern werden mit den manuellenSegmentierungen mittels 4 Fehlermetriken verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dieMethode gegenuber Lebersegmentierungen mittels Active Shape Models aus 3D Daten konkurrenzfahig ist, wenn auch mit geringerer Prazision aufgrund der geringeren Bildqualitat.Die zweite Methode, die in dieser Dissertation vorgestellt wird, ist ein automatisches, anatomischesLabeling oder eine Multiorgansegmentierung anatomischer Strukuturen in FastView-Bildern. FastView ist ein modernes MR-Protokoll, welches 3D Localizer-Bilder produziert, indem2D-Schichten wahrend kontinuierlichem Vorschub des Patiententisches gemessen werden.Die Segmentierung basiert auf einem statistischen Atlas des menschlichen Korpers, der aus einerGruppe reprasentativer FastView Datensatze gewonnen wird. Der Atlas enthalt einerseitsein statistisches Deformationsmodell, das verwendet werden kann, um unbekannte Datensatzeauf die durchschnittliche Korperform des Atlas zu verformen. Zusatzlich enthalt der Atlas einstatistisches Modell der Grauwertverteilungen, das verwendet werden kann, um gultige Atlasbilderzu erzeugen.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783869554396
  • Publisher: Na
  • ISBN-10: 3869554398


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