Strategy and Structures along the Roman Frontier: Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies 2

This publication – Strategy and Structures along the Roman Frontiers – is the second volume of the LIMES XXV’s congress proceedings and deals with the following themes: Roman military activities during the Republic; the early frontier formation processes and tribal reshuffling; new insights in the installations of the Roman armies; an odyssey along different Limes regions; the collapse of Roman frontiers; the afterlife of frontier fortifications. The proceedings are all arranged around the original sessions, creating coherent thematical collections that make the vast output more accessible to generalists and specialists alike. Frontiers are zones, or lines, of contact and coercion, of exchange and exclusion. As such they often express some of the most typical elements of the socio-political spaces that are defined by them. Spanning some 6,000 km along rivers, mountain ranges, artificial barriers and fringes of semi-desert, the frontiers of the Roman empire offer a wide variety of avenues and topics for a very diverse community of scholars. They are the central subject of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies (or just Limes Congress after the Latin word for ‘border’), organised every three years since 1949\. This four-volume publication contains most of the papers presented at the 25th edition which was hosted by the municipality of Nijmegen in August 2022.

Table of Contents:
Preface Part 1. Roman imperialism and early frontier formation. The creation-reshuffling of tribal (id)entities From deserta Boiorum to civitas Boiorum. Changes in the settlement structures in Northwest-Pannonia in the 1st century AD Szilvia B├¡r├│ Making Suebi. Roman frontier management in the southern Upper Rhine valley in the 1st century AD? Lars Bl├Âck, Alexander Heising, Uwe Xaver M├╝ller and Johann Schrempp Westwards! Population dynamics along the Middle and Upper Rhine during the 1st century BC Arno Braun and Sabine Hornung The Cugerni and the reshuffling of tribal (id)entities on the Lower Rhine Marion Br├╝ggler The siege of Cerro Castarre├▒o. Assessing the impact of Rome on the transformation of an archaeological landscape between the River Duero valley and the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) Jos├® M. Costa-Garc├¡a and Jes├║s Garc├¡a S├ínchez Agri vacui. De- and repopulation of the Dutch coastal area c. 50 BC-AD 100 Jasper de Bruin Military forts from the period of the Principate in the Balkan interior Damjan Donev Changing landscapes on the Northern Frontier. Outline and preliminary results of the ÔÇÿBeyond WallsÔÇÖ Project Manuel Fern├índez-G├Âtz, Dave Cowley, Derek Hamilton, Ian J. Hardwick and Sophie McDonald Immigrants from the Barbaricum. Controlled colonisation of deserta in the Augustan period. A forgotten aspect of early Roman frontier policy Erik Graafstal Before the Romans, their coins came. Hoards of Roman denarii ending with coins of Augustan period in Late Iron Age South-Carpathian Dacia Drago╚Ö M─ândescu and Ioan-Andi Pi┼úigoi The development of a border zone in a desert environment. The example of Tripolitania Michel Redd├® Indigene und exogene Bev├Âlkerungsgruppen im Alpenvorland und die Organisation der Provinz Raetia et Vindelicia w├ñhrend des 1. Jahrhunderts nach Chr. Bernd Steidl Evidence for immigration in the Batavian region in the pre-Claudian Era. The study of large handmade pottery assemblages using a combination of traditional and science-based techniques Julie Van Kerckhove and Gerard Boreel Part 2. Recent research into the Roman military activities during the Republic. Archaeological evidence Roman troops in high mountains. The challenge of establishing Roman hegemony in the Poenine Alps Romain Andenmatten, Tristan Allegro, Alessandra Armirotti, Gwena├½l Bertocco, Fabien Langenegger and Michel Aberson The archaeological remains of the Cimbrian wars. The Lampourdier site and the Battle of Arausio (105 BC) Lo├»c Buffat, Yahya Zaaraoui and Alexandre Gravier, in collaboration with Nathalie Ginoux, Marion Gourlot and Audrey Renaud Basque Country (Iberian Peninsula), rearguard of Rome in the Cantabrian Wars? Jagoba Hidalgo-Masa The internal layout of a Roman camp of the mid-1st century BC. Concerning camp F at Lautagne (Valence, Dr├┤me, France) Magalie Kielb Zaaraoui, Lo├»c Buffat and Yahya Zaaraoui Ulaka site complex. Late Republican and Augustan Roman military earthworks and small finds Bo┼ítjan Laharnar and Janka Isteni─ì The Roman-Republican fortress at C├íceres el Viejo (C├íceres, Spain). Old theories and new perspectives Carlos S.P. Pereira, ├üngel Morillo, Ana Margarida Arruda, Rui Morais, Andr├®s M┬¬ Adroher Auroux, Carmen Aguarod, Carmelo Fern├índez Ib├í├▒ez, Romana Erice, Cruces Bl├ízquez, Teresa R. Pereira, Rosal├¡a Dur├ín Cabello, ├ìris C. Dias and Diego Barrios The castellum of Puig Castellar de Biosca. A Roman Republican fortress in the first century of the conquest of Hispania Citerior (180-120 BC) Esther Rodrigo Requena, N├║ria Roman├¡ Sala, C├®sar Carreras Monfort, Joaquim Pera Isern and Laia Catarineu Iglesias A maritime frontier in Citerior Hispania during the Sertorian civil wars. A geostrategic story Feliciana Sala Sell├®s, Sonia Bayo Fuentes and Jes├║s Moratalla J├ívega New evidence of Roman military activities between the rivers Krka and Cetina (Dalmatia, Croatia) Domagoj Ton─ìini─ç, Jo┼íko Zaninovi─ç, Domagoj Bu┼¥ani─ç and Mirjana Sanader Part 3. Legionary fortresses and military installations. State of research The Roman fortress of Mogontiacum/Mainz. Revised data of the defensive works and their chronology Daniel Burger-V├Âllmecke Tel Shalem. A Roman military camp in the Jordan valley Eckhard Deschler-Erb and Sebastian A. Knura Why did the Roman army leave Nijmegen? Paul F.J. Franzen The three fortresses of Legio II Italica in the province of Noricum. Lo─ìica (Slovenia), Lauriacum and Albing (Austria) Stefan Groh Pictured fortifications in Roman art as the source for their reconstruction Dmitry A. Karelin and Aleksandra E. Medennikova Area Flaviae / Rottweill. A Flavian lfortresst on the Upper Neckar Klaus Kort├╝m Amphora studies in Xanten. From the local Roman legionary occupation to the imperial supply system Matheus Morais Cruz Roman practice camps near Legio (Trobajo del Camino, San Andr├®s de Rabanedo and Oteruelo de la Valdoncina, Le├│n, Spain) ├üngel Morillo, Brais X. Curr├ís, Almudena Orejas and Agostino Nobilini The location of the Legio X Fretensis fortress in Jerusalem after 70 AD. Back to the unsolved question ÔÇô a new proposal Ran Ortner The fortress of Vindonissa. State of research J├╝rgen Trumm Valkenburg ZH. An unexpected fortress near the mouth of the river Rhine (The Netherlands) Wouter K. Vos, Edwin Blom and Jasper de Bruin What did and what did not change in the fortification system of Novae (Svishtov, Lower Moesia). The legionary base of Legiones VIII Augusta and I Italica? Piotr Zakrzewski Part 4. FINES. The mechanisms and politics of frontier collapse, and the afterlife of frontier installations LÔÇÖabandon des fronti├¿res dans le nord-ouest de la Gaule: le r├┤le des Francs Raymond Brulet The Abandonment of Roman military installations in the river Trebi┼¥at valley (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Tomasz Dziurdzik, Micha┼é Pisz and Mirko Ra┼íi─ç Apud limitem Latina iura ceciderunt. Processes of continuity and collapse on the middle Rhine frontier and its hinterland in late antiquity Ferdinand Heimerl South Shields Roman fort as a case study in transition and abandonment at the end of empire. An interim statement Nick Hodgson The borderlands of EgyptÔÇÖs Western Desert in late antiquity Paul N. Kucera Das sp├ñtr├Âmische castellum auf dem Aachener Markth├╝gel Andreas Schaub The late antique fortified town Castra Herculis (?) in Nijmegen Harry van Enckevort Late Roman fortifications in Popovac, Croatia Igor Vukmani─ç and Branko Mu┼íi─ì Part 5. A Frontier Odyssey Roman watchtowers in Mauretania Tingitana Maciej Czapski, Jakub Kaniszewski, Rados┼éaw Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Aomar Akerraz, Layla Es-Sadra, Fadwa Benjaafar, Sebastien Mazurek, Karol Bartczak, Natalia Lockley and Maciej Marciniak Rediscovery of the Augustan findspot in Augsburg-Oberhausen (Bavaria, Germany) Sebastian Gairhos Fearing the Parthian threat? Pontic-Cappadocian frontier area and Flavian military policy in the East Victor Humennyi Cohorts of Legio V Macedonica in Apsaros (Georgia) and their building activity Rados┼éaw Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Natalia Lockley and Shota Mamuladze A battlefield of the Dacian Wars Felix Marcu The Limes Moesiae/Mysiae/Mysiacus and the Limes Scythiae/Scythicus according to the written sources. An overview Dominic Moreau Die Ausdehnung und Grenzen der Provinz Dacia Zsolt Visy