From the Preface The world of spectroscopy began its development in the second half of the XX century and has been constantly evolving ever since. From being a set of specialized techniques available only to a few, spectroscopy -in its many facets- has now become a tool chest in demand by engineers and scientists of different backgrounds. Unfortunately, the physics concepts underlying the spectroscopic techniques remain in the field of physics and most users -being from backgrounds other than physics- learn to use commercial spectroscopy devices without ever learning much about their operational principles. In the University of Texas at El Paso, just like in many other Institutions, students from engineering and science fields come to interact with x ray fluorescence, x ray spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, to name a few, without ever taking a modern physics course that would teach them, for instance, how x rays are produced, detected or how they interact with atomic electrons. This deficiency, which can be easily remedied with a set of carefully designed lecture notes and exercises, tends to propagate into the realm of applications turning spectroscopy into an obscure subject mastered only by experts; this needs not to be the case. It is with the goal of providing the minimum physics background needed to understand spectroscopy in its more general terms that we write these lecture notes. They are aimed at an audience of science and engineering students at the senior and graduate level, and mostly composed of chemists, geologists, metallurgists, mechanical and electrical engineers and, yes, physics students, all interested in studying materials through the use of spectroscopic tools. Assuming only a background of basic classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and thermodynamics, these notes focus on explaining how radiation (particles and electromagnetic) interact with matter, and how this is taken advantage of to study materials through the use of spectrometers. Because of the narrowly defined audience, the book is equally limited in scope, most physics processes will be presented more from a phenomenological point of view than from a first-principles fully-theoretical approach. Students ready for more profound treatises will be directed throughout the book to other more complete sources. Designed as a teaching textbook, a large number of exercises and problems have been included to illustrate concepts and applications. Instructors are encouraged to contact the authors to obtain a complimentary file with the solutions, a test bank and powerpoint files of the chapters expanded with instructive animations and progressive presentation of the examples for in-class use. From the Foreword: One of the most important fields of modern physics is the study of surfaces, key to many important industrial applications as well as XXI century developments such as plasmonics, sensors and optical devices. López Gallardo and Castro Colín present a remarkable vision of surface science from the physicist point of view emphasizing the quantum mechanics and complementing chemistry-based books. This is a great tool for the education of graduate students of materials, nanotechnology, physics and chemistry interested in surface science. Miguel José Yacamán Lutcher Brown Professor University of Texas at San Antonio
About the Author: Jorge López Gallardo is Schumaker Professor of physics at the University of Texas at El Paso and has performed research at The Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University, The Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, The Lawrence Berkeley Lab and other institutions. Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and Corresponding Member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Dr. López received SHEP's 2011 Educator of the Year Award, MAES' 2010 MAEStro Award and the 2009 Hyer Research Award of the Texas Section of APS. He is the author of "Phase Transitions in Nuclear Matter" (World Scientific, 2000) and of hundreds of research and dissemination articles and three other books on scientific studies of electoral data. Miguel Castro Colín is an expert in X-ray scattering. Currently at Bruker AXS GmbH in Karlsruhe, Germany, Dr. Castro has held research positions at the National Institute of Nuclear Research of Mexico, the Laser Plasma Physics Group at the University of Oxford, the X-ray Scattering Group at The University of Houston and at the Max Planck Institute in Stuttgart Germany. He has performed spectroscopic and elastic scattering measurements in facilities in the United Kingdom (Rutherford Appleton Lab.), USA (Brookhaven National Lab., Argonne National Lab. and LCLS in Stanford), Germany (DESY in Hamburg and the ANKA Synchrotron in Karlsruhe) and France (ESRF).