About the Book
ForewordSustainable ReproductionMarcia Inhorn, Yale University Departments of Anthropology & Global HealthInhorn situates the volume in the emergent literature on how sustainable birth ties into broader efforts to make reproduction more sustainable, accessible, and founded in human rights. The Foreword situates a focus on sustainable birth within broader efforts to increase access to reproductive rights maternity care and reproductive rights. Introduction -- will need to be Ch. 1Sustainable Birth Across the Globe: Solutions, Obstacles, and ChallengesKim Gutschow, Robbie Davis-Floyd, and Betty-Anne Daviss, eds. This chapter introduces the Editors' concept of sustainable birth and explores how their models of maternity care avoid the unsustainable human and financial costs of our current obstetric model of care. The Editors examine many models of sustainable birth that promote hybrid midwifery/obstetric models to improve maternal and newborn outcomes and increase provider and maternal satisfaction. They consider a continuum of care that includes more sustainable models of surrogacy, abortion, and newborn care across very different parts of the world. They illustrate how each and every chapter offers an example of "evidence-based activism," in which consumers, clients, and clinicians push to change their protocols and institutional practices in ways that benefit mothers, newborns, providers, and their wider communities. Glossary of Terms & Acronyms
SECTION 1: SUSTAINABLE BIRTH IN HIGH-RESOURCE SETTINGSThe first section describes sustainable and compassionate models of care in the US and other high-resource countries that overcome the obstacles raised by technocratic obstetric models of care. The Authors detail the principles of sustainable midwifery care; sustainable transfers of care between home and hospital settings in the US; the Dutch obstetric indications list that specifies when patients are to move between three levels of providers; an innovative model of doula care for low-income or previously incarcerated women in the US; an analysis of metrics for maternal health that have been promoted across the US after the Affordable Care Act; and a hybrid model of breech care that promotes flexible compromises between midwifery and obstetric models of care in very different high-income countries, an analysis of the well-known collaboration between midwives and obstetricians in the Netherlands, and a formula for sustainable surrogacy that contrasts case studies of surrogacy in the US and Israel. Ch 1. Sustainable Midwifery in the US. Elizabeth Davis (Former Director of the Midwifery Education and Certification Council (MEAC))This chapter explores the key elements that make midwifery care more sustainable, cost-effective, and humanized than obstetric care. It analyzes the enduring skills that have enabled midwives to produce far better maternal and neonatal outcomes than standard obstetric care. Davis describes holistic models of midwifery education and care that are collaborative, egalitarian, flexible, and receptive to the dynamic energy of birth, as opposed to the technocratic obstetric model that is consumed with control, intervention, and hierarchies. We learn how midwives interact with their clients and key tools they use to promote holistic and transparent care. We see how midwives promote self-care, authenticity, and trust between themselves and their clients, while enhancing the birth experience and minimizing provider burnout, as is so common in the obstetric paradigm of care. Critically, the holistic midwifery model of care described in this chapter can be practiced in teams or individually, at home or in hospitals
About the Author: Kim Gutschow, is a Lecturer in Anthropology and Religion, and affiliated with Public Health, Asian Studies, and Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies, at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where she has taught since 2003. She has published over 35 articles on maternity care, maternal death reviews, and counting maternal mortality in India and the United States; as well as on the gender dynamics and discourses of Buddhist monasticism, Tibetan medicine, community-based irrigation, and land use practices in the Indian Himalayas. She is the author of Being a Buddhist Nun: The Struggle for Enlightenment in the Indian Himalaya (Harvard 2004), which won the Sharon Stephens Prize for best ethnography (2005). Her collaborative research projects with Ladakhi teams have received several awards including a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers (2009) for Birth: From Home to Hospital and Back Home Again; a National Geographic Explorer Award (2019) for Climate Change Adaptation: By the People, For the People, as well as funding from the Harvard Society of Fellows (1997-2000) and the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). She raised $100,000 to fund appropriate technology, passive solar design, and other projects with and for Zangskari women via the Gaden Relief Zanskar Project between 1991-2015.
Robbie Davis-Floyd, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, and Fellow of the Society for Applied Anthropology. She is a well-known medical anthropologist, midwifery and doula advocate, and international speaker and researcher in transformational models in maternity care. Robbie is author of over 80 journal articles and 24 encyclopedia entries, and of Birth as an American Rite of Passage (1992, 2003) and Ways of Knowing about Birth: Mothers, Midwives, Medicine, and Birth Activism (2018); coauthor of The Power of Ritual (2016); and lead editor of 13 collections, including the award-winning volumes Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge (1997) and Cyborg Babies (1998); and the "seminal" Birth Models That Work (2009). Her most recent collection, co-edited with Melissa Cheyney, is Birth in Eight Cultures (2019). Birthing Models on the Human Rights Frontier: Speaking Truth to Power, co-edited with Betty-Anne Daviss, is in press. As a Board Member of the International MotherBaby Childbirth Organization, Robbie served as Lead Editor for the International Childbirth Initiative (ICI): 12 Steps to Safe and Respectful MotherBaby-Family Maternity Care (a joint IMBCO/FIGO global initiative). She presently serves as Lead Editor for a Routledge series called "Social Science Perspectives on Childbirth and Reproduction," and as Senior Advisor to the Council on Anthropology and Reproduction.
Betty-Anne Daviss, MA, BMJ, RM (Registered Midwife), has served as a midwife for 45 years practicing in various countries on six continents, and as a researcher in the social sciences and clinical epidemiology for over 25 years. She is an Adjunct Professor in Gender and Women's Studies at Carleton University, Ottawa, in Ontario, Canada, and has taught since the 1980s on reproductive issues and the politics of gender and health, while working towards midwifery legislation in North America and abroad. She co-authored the large prospective home birth study of Certified Professional Midwives in North America published in the BMJ (2005) that continues to be accessed 500-800 times a month; the World Report on Postpartum Hemorrhage, when she worked for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (Lalonde et al 2006), which continues to be used with updates; and was the co-principal investigator and principal writer for the Frankfurt study comparing vaginal breeches born with the mothers on their backs vs. in upright positions (Louwen et al. 2017). The only midwife in Canada in the last two decades to have achieved official hospital privileges to attend breech births without a transfer to obstetrics, Betty-Anne has been involved with over 170 planned vaginal breech births, and provided workshops, rounds, and/or plenaries on vaginal breech in Europe, Africa, North and South America, China, India, Australia, and Turkey. She has testified for 10 midwifery hearings/court cases and 11 state and 3 provincial legislative processes.
