1. Insights into Drying
2. Energy Requirement in Drying
3. Energy Scenario in Developing Countries 3.1 Total Energy
3.2 Non-Renewable Energy 3.3 Renewable Energy
4. Existing drying Technologies in Developing Countries
4.1 Sun Drying
4.2 Solar Drying
4.2.1 Active solar drying
4.2.2 Passive solar drying
4.2.3 Mixed mode solar drying
4.2.4 Hybrid solar drying
4.3 Biomass dryer
4.4 Reversible air dryer SRA
4.5 STR Drying
5. Proposal of Sustainable drying techniques in Developing Countries
5.1 Improved Solar Drying
5.2 Geothermal Drying
5.3 Hybrid geothermal-solar drying
5.4 Heat pump drying
5.5 Drying using waste heat
5.6 Desiccant based drying
5.7 Improved Biomass Drying
5.8 Hybrid Solar-biomass drying
5.9 Solar derived IMCD
5.10 Osmotic dehydration
6. Challenges in Drying Sector
7. Conclusion
About the Author: Mahadi Hasan Masud:
Mahadi Hasan Masud received his BSc and MSc in Mechanical Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET). He is now serving as a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering of RUET. Moreover, he is currently pursuing his PhD at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. Masud's research focus is on advanced food preservation techniques, simultaneous heat and mass transfer, renewable energy resources, and biomimicry inspired vehicle design. He authored three popular books from the springer-nature publication, five book chapters, more than 20 refereed journal publications, and more than ten international conference publications. Most of his journal articles are published in highly ranked journals. He is a regular reviewer of several high ranked journals of prominent publishers, including Elsevier, Springer, Nature and Taylor and Francis.
Azharul Karim:
Dr Azharul Karim is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Discipline, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. He received his PhD degree from Melbourne University in 2007. Through his scholarly, innovative, high-quality research, he has established a national and international standing. Dr Karim has authored over 194 peer-reviewed articles, including 94 high-quality journal papers, 13 peer-reviewed book chapters, and four books. His papers have attracted about 3100 citations with an h-index of 30. His papers have very high impact worldwide, as demonstrated by his overall field weighted citation index (FWCI) of 2.99. He is editor/board member of six reputed journals, including Drying Technology and Nature Scientific Reports and supervisor of 26 past and current PhD students. He has been keynote/distinguished speaker at scores of international conferences and invited/keynote speakers in seminars in many reputed universities worldwide. He won multiple international awards for his outstanding contributions to multidisciplinary fields. His research is directed towards solving acute food industry problems by advanced multiscale and multiphase food drying models of cellular water using theoretical/computational and experimental methodologies. Dr Karim's global leadership in the fields of food drying and microwave drying is evident by the high impact of his papers, which is significantly higher than world averages. His current research areas are food drying, multiscale and multiphase modelling of food drying, Nanofluid solar thermal storage, concentrating PV-thermal collector, and Lean Healthcare Systems.
Anan Ashrabi Ananno:
Anan Ashrabi Ananno has completed his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET). His research focus is on advanced food preservation techniques, simultaneous heat and mass transfer, renewable energy resources, waste management practices and data science. He has authored one book, six refereed journals, three book chapters, and three international conference papers. Most of his journal articles are published in regular issues of Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and Taylor and Francis. He is also a regular reviewer of several high ranked journals of prominent publishers, including Elsevier and Springer. He has won multiple international awards in youth innovation challenges and model united nations.
Asif Ahmed:
Asif Ahmed completed his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology. Besides academic career, he works with voluntary social organizations. His current research areas are food drying, renewable energy utilization, and waste management. He authored couple of international peer-reviewed journals and conference publications.
