Chapter 1. Introduction. 1
Chapter 2. The role of the Internet and digital technologies in human smuggling and trafficking in Italy...10
2.1 Introduction. 10
2.2 Human smuggling. 11
2.2.1 Recruitment 12
2.2.2 Transportation. 14
2.3 Human trafficking. 17
2.3.1 Recruitment and transportation. 18
2.3.2 Exploitation. 21
2.4 Concluding remarks. 26 Chapter 3. The role of the Internet and digital technologies in human smuggling and trafficking in the UK...31
3.1 Introduction. 31
3.2 Human smuggling. 32
3.2.1 Recruitment 32
3.2.2 Transportation. 36
3.3 Human Trafficking. 39
3.3.1 Recruitment 39
3.3.2 Transportation. 43
3.3.3 Exploitation. 45
3.4 Concluding remarks. 55
Chapter 4. Conclusion: human smuggling, human trafficking and the role of communication technologies 61
About the Author: Georgios A. Antonopoulos is Professor of Criminology at Teesside University, UK.
Gabriele Baratto is Research Fellow in Criminology at the University of Trento, Italy.
Andrea Di Nicola is Associate Professor of Criminology at the University of Trento, Italy.
Parisa Diba is Research Associate at Teesside University, UK.
Elisa Martini is former Research Fellow in Criminology at the University of Trento, Italy.
Georgios Papanicolaou is Reader in Criminology at Teesside University, UK.
Fiamma Terenghi is Research Fellow in Criminology at the University of Trento, Italy.
