Topicalisation Et Focalisation Dans Les Langues Africaines
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Topicalisation Et Focalisation Dans Les Langues Africaines

Topicalisation Et Focalisation Dans Les Langues Africaines


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About the Book

La pratique des linguistes africanistes fait qu'ils sont necessairement aux problemes qui surgissent des rapports entre structure grammaticale, structure syntaxique, et organisation discursive. Les langues d'Afrique subsaharienne ont au moins en commun d'etre depourvues d'ecriture et de tradition grammaticale, et, une fois depasse le stade des questionnaires d'enquete lexicale, morphologique et syntaxique qui generalement se limitent a la phrase simple, une des missions des linguistes est de recueillir, transcrire et traduire des textes de tradition orale (contes, chroniques, recits historiques, epopees, etc.). La se posent concretement le probleme de la ponctuation. La ponctuation est en fait la manifestation des decisions du linguiste concernant, enter autres: - la delimitation des enonces; - l'apparition d'unites linguistiques qui, au-dela des hesitations, repetitions, ruptures de syntaxe, echappent a l'analyse en fonctions syntaxiques (predicat, sujet, complement); - l'articulations entre discours et syntaxe; - l'ordre des mots (linearisation) et la structure des enonces (hierarchie). Depuis cinq ans, le groupe Hierarchie et linearisation du Llacan (UMR Langage, Langues et Cultures d'Afrique Noire) etudie, dans le cadre de la theorie de l'enonciation, les phenomenes de focalisation et topicalisation dans les langues africaines, en mettant en avant le role essentiel des concepts d'assertion et de preconstruit. L'ouvrage commence par un article de synthese qui fait le point sur les concepts de la linguistique de l'enonciation en syntaxe, puis cerne la specificite du traitement de la focalisation et topicalisastion dans les langues africaines. Cette partie souligne, grace a la grande diversite, tant typologique que genetique, des langues representees dans notre groupe de travail, que les langues d'Afrique sont un lieu de grande variation, mais revelent egalement des regularites d'ordre areal, qui coupent au travers des familles linguistiques. Si la topicalisation revele une grande homogeneite, fondee sur la partie lineaire du langage, la focalisation, du fait de sa complexite fonctionnelle, est un lieu de grande variabilite, qui ne recoupe pas les familles genetiques. La suite de l'ouvrage presente une serie d'etudes de cas de langues africaines. Les langues representees sont parlees dans l'ensemble de l'Afrique subsaharienne: Guinee Bissau, Senegal, Burkina-Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Tchad, Cameroun, Republique Centrafricaine, Afrique de l'Est (Erythree, Ethiopie, Djiboutie). Elles representent diverses familles: langues atlantiques: bijogo, peul, wolof; couchitiques: afar; tchadiques: haoussa; gur: dagara et moore; Benoue-Congo: ikwere (langue igboide); Adamawa: tupuri; oubanguiennes: banda-linda, gbaya. L'interet de ces etudes tient au fait que leurs auteurs font appel a une profonde connaissance de premiere main, resultat d'une longue familiarite avec les langues qu'ils decrivent. Ils s'appuient dans ces presentations sur l'analyse minitieuse de corpus de langue orale. Toutes ont en commun, au-dela de la prise en compte des phenomenes de structure generalement privilegies dans les etudes typologiques, de mettre en avant une etude des valeurs d'emploi, contextualisees, des phenomenes de la topicalisation et de la focalisation.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9789042909120
  • Publisher: Peeters
  • ISBN-10: 9042909129
  • Publisher Date: 08 Aug 2000


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