Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Flavors, Color, and Health Benefits

Fruits are one of the most important links in the food chains essential for sustenance of life on the planet Earth and can be classified as tropical or subtropical, depending on where they are cultivated. Asia and the Pacific Rim are the major producing regions, followed by Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Most developing countries have a rich biodiversity, with a significant number of species that are widely consumed among native people but completely unknown in the rest of the world. These fruits exhibit exotic characteristics due to their adaptation to special climatic conditions, this fact make them attractive for new markets. This book evolved from a symposium, "Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Flavors, Color, and Health Benefits," held at the 242th annual meeting of the American Chemical Society on August 28-September 1, 2011 at Denver, CO and hosted by the Division of Agricultural & Food Chemistry. Subtropical fruits have been studied for many years; in contrast, the number of publications related to sensory and biofunctional properties of tropical fruits has only recently increased. The first topic examined in this volume is the chemistry of tropical and subtropical fruits, with studies involving isolation of volatile aroma constituents and their identification from citrus, pineapple, and date palm fruits, as well as plant breeding and genetic approaches to improve flavor and nutrients. The second topic examines the effect of climate, salinity and genetic factors on health-promoting and color properties in pomegranates, high hydrostatic pressure processing as a strategy to increase carotenoids of tropical fruits, and preparative separation and pigments from Opuntia ficus-indica by ion-pair high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Finally, the book examines health-promoting properties of citrus volatile constituents, Moringa oleifera, and passion fruit, discusses the antioxidant properties of the anthocyanin-rich fruits annona and citrus and shows the effects of acai berries and walnuts on brain health.

Table of Contents:
Preface ; Flavor and Color in Fruits: Separation and Processing ; 1. Preparative Separation and Pigment Profiling of Betalains from Fruits of ; Opuntia ficus by Ion-Pair High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography ; (IP-HSCCC) and Off-Line LC-ESI-MS/MS ; Gerold Jerz, Bettina Klose, S?awomir Wybraniec, Socorro Villanueva Rodriguez, ; and Peter Winterhalter ; 2. High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing as a Strategy To Increase Carotenoid ; Contents of Tropical Fruits ; Carmen Hernandez-Brenes, Perla A. Ramos-Parra, Daniel A. Jacobo-Velazquez, ; Raul Villarreal-Lara, and Rocio I. Diaz-De la Garza ; 3. Climate and Salinity Effects on Color and Health Promoting Properties in ; the Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruit Arils ; H. Borochov-Neori, N. Lazarovitch, S. Judeinstein, B. S. Patil, and D. Holland ; 4. Identification of Volatiles from Kumquats and Their Biological Activities ; G. K. Jayaprakasha, C. Kranthi Kumar, Priyanka Chaudhary, ; K. N. Chidambara Murthy, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil ; Health-Promoting Properties of Fruits ; 5. Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Colombian Tropical Fruits ; Coralia Osorio and Ovidio Almanza ; 6. Flavonoid and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits Belonging to the Annona ; and Citrus Genera ; Davide Barreca, Ersilia Bellocco, Corrado Caristi, Ugo Leuzzi, and Giuseppe Gattuso ; 7. Anti-Inflammatory Mediated Applications of Monoterpenes Found in ; Fruits ; Kotamballi N. Chidambara Murthy, G. K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil ; 8. Garcinol from Garcinia indica: Chemistry and Health Beneficial Effects ; Wenping Tang, Min-Hsiung Pan, Shengmin Sang, Shiming Li, and Chi-Tang Ho ; 9. Beneficial Role of L-Cysteine and H2S Rich Fruits and Vegetables in ; Diabetic Pathophysiology ; Prasenjit Manna and Sushil K. Jain ; 10. Issues Surrounding the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of the Citrus ; Polymethoxylated Flavones ; John A. Manthey and Thais B. Cesar ; 11. Functional Role of Walnuts and Acai Fruits on Brain Health ; Shibu M. Poulose and Barbara Shukitt-Hale ; 12. Seeking a New Anti-Skin-Aging Material: Piceatannol and Its Derivatives ; from Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Seed ; Yuko Matsui, Kenkichi Sugiyama, Masanori Kamei, Toshio Takahashi, ; Tamio Suzuki, Yohtaro Katagata, and Tatsuhiko Ito ; 13. Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, ; and Their Antiproliferative Properties ; Bishambar Dayal, Vineela Reddy Yannamreddy, Ritesh Amin, Michael A. Lea, ; and Athula B. Attygalle ; Editors' Biographies ; Indexes ; Author Index ; Subject Index