Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Properties and Applications

Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites This book presents an extensive discussion on fundamental chemistry, classifications, structure, unique properties, and applications of various 2D nanomaterials. The advent of graphene in 2004 has brought tremendous attention to two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Lately, this has prompted researchers to explore new 2D nanomaterials for cutting-edge research in diverse fields. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a fascinating group of novel materials that exhibit intriguing properties. The unique combination of polymer and nanomaterial not only overcomes the limitations of polymer matrices, but also changes their structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties thereby broadening their application potential. The book, comprising 22 chapters, provides a unique and detailed study of the process involved in the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, modification strategies of 2D nanomaterials, and numerous applications of 2D nanomaterials-based polymer nanocomposites. The book also emphasizes the existing challenges in the functionalization and exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials as well as the chemical, structural, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of 2D nanomaterials-based polymer nanocomposites. The key features of this book are: Provides fundamental information and a clear understanding of synthesis, processing methods, structure and physicochemical properties of 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites; Presents a comprehensive review of several recent accomplishments and key scientific and technological challenges in developing 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites; Explores various processing and fabrication methods and emerging applications of 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites. Audience Engineers and polymer scientists in the electrical, coatings, and biomedical industries will find this book very useful. Advanced students in materials science and polymer science will find it a fount of information.

Table of Contents:
Preface xxi Part 1: Classifications, Synthesis Methods and Surface Modification of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 1 1 Introduction to Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Discovery, Types and Classifications, Structure, Unique Properties, and Applications 3 Ishrat Fatma, Humira Assad and Ashish Kumar 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Types of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials or Particles 5 1.3 Examples of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials 7 1.4 Structural Modifications in 2D Nanomaterials 17 1.5 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 21 1.6 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 29 1.7 Conclusion 35 2 Synthesis Approaches, Designs, and Processing Methods of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 47 Ramkishor Anant, Abhishek Tiwari, Suresh Sundaramurthy, Vaibhav Vijay and Gaurav Singh 2.1 Introduction 48 2.2 Descriptions of Terms Associated with Nanomaterials 48 2.3 2D Nanomaterial Assembly and Nanostructure 50 2.4 Approaches for the Synthesis of 2-Dimensional Nanomaterials 50 2.5 Perspective and Conclusions 73 3 Enhancing 2D Nanomaterials via Surface Modifications 83 Zahra Ranjbar, Sahar Foroughirad and Behnaz Ranjbar 3.1 Introduction 84 3.2 Chemical Modifications 85 3.3 Physical Modifications 102 3.4 Plasma Technique 103 3.5 Challenges and Future Trends 106 3.6 Conclusions 108 Part 2: Properties and Characterizations of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 115 4 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigations of 2D Nanomaterials 117 Rajan Kumar and Debojeet Sahu 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Spectroscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 119 4.3 Microscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 148 4.4 Conclusion 158 5 Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 167 Aditya D. S. and S. K. Nataraj 5.1 Introduction 167 5.2 Classification of 2D Materials 169 5.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 169 5.5 Conclusion 190 6 Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 195 Alok Kumar and Ravi Shankar Rai 6.1 Introduction 195 6.2 Structures of 2D NMs 201 6.3 Synthesis and Design of 2D NMs 203 6.4 Characteristics of 2D NMs 207 6.5 Role of Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of 2D NMs for Various Applications 226 Part 3: Processing Methods and Properties of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 231 7 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing Methods, Properties, and Applications 233 Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly, Hafizal Yahaya, Mohd Haniff Ibrahim and Fauzan Ahmad 7.1 Introduction 233 7.2 Synthesis and Processing Methods of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Composites 234 7.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 240 7.4 Applications of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 256 7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 271 8 Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 285 Sabina Yeasmin and Debajyoti Mahanta 8.1 Introduction 285 8.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 286 8.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 287 8.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 289 8.5 Conclusion 302 9 Thermal, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 311 Khadijeh Hooshyari, Mohammad Bagher Karimi, Parvaneh Kakavand, Mahshid Mohammadifar, Shahrzad Rahmani, Mahdi Tohidian and Seifollah Jamalpour 9.1 Introduction 311 9.2 Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 312 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 323 9.4 Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 329 9.5 Conclusion and Outlook 333 Part 4: Applications of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 343 10 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 345 Akhila Raman, Asok Aparna, Aathira U., A.S. Sethulekshmi and Appukuttan Saritha 10.1 Introduction 345 10.2 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials/Polymer Nanocomposites 347 10.3 Different Types of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 350 10.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 355 10.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 370 10.6 Acknowledgment 370 11 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries 377 Jeevan Jyoti, Manjit Sandhu, Bhanu Pratap Singh and S.K. Tripathi 11.1 Introduction 378 11.2 Basic Concept of LIBs 380 11.3 Cell Voltage 386 11.4 Polymer-Based Flexible Electrodes 387 11.5 Factors Affecting the Performance of Flexible Electrodes 388 11.6 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials 389 11.7 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials for LIBs 390 11.8 Conclusions 408 12 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Solar Energy Applications 419 Mahmoud H. Abu Elella, Laila Saad and Moshera Samy 12.1 Introduction 419 12.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 420 12.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 453 13 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications 465 Seifollah Jamalpour, Amirsaeed Shamsabadi, Kosar Arab, Mahdi Tohidian, Yousef Tamsilian, Khadijeh Hooshyari and Shahrzad Rahmani 13.1 Introduction to Fuel Cell Technology 466 13.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 467 13.3 Nanocomposite PEMs Based on 2D Nanofillers 473 13.4 Membrane Preparation Techniques 494 13.5 Characterization Techniques 496 13.6 Conclusions and Outlooks 500 14 High-k Dielectrics Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Filled Polymer Nanocomposites 509 Mohamed Nawas Vengoli, Lishin T., Aparna Thankappan and Sabu Thomas 14.1 Introduction 510 14.2 2D Dielectric Nanomaterials 512 14.3 Factors Affecting the Properties of High-k Polymer Nanocomposites with 2D Fillers 524 14.4 Application of High-k Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites 529 14.5 Dielectric Performance of Various 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 530 15 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications 541 Dilip Kumar Kar, Smrutirekha Mishra, Priti Sunder Mohanty and Satyabrata Si 15.1 Introduction 541 15.2 Characteristics of 2D Nanomaterials 543 15.3 Synthesis and Fabrication of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 546 15.4 Catalysis and/or Photocatalysis of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 550 15.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 570 16 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications 579 Swapnita Patra, Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain 16.1 Introduction 579 16.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 582 16.3 Biomedical Applications of 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 595 16.4 Conclusions 600 17 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 609 Saleheh Shahmoradi, Mojdeh Mirshafiei, Iman Zare, Morvarid Koohkhezri, Hanna Madadi Gholipour, Fatemeh Yazdian and Ebrahim Mostafavi 17.1 Introduction 611 17.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 612 17.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 638 18 Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 649 Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain 18.1 Introduction 649 18.2 Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 651 18.3 Graphene Nanosheet-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 654 18.4 MXene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 655 18.5 Nanoclay-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 657 18.6 LDH-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 659 18.7 Black Phosphorus-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 662 18.8 Boron Nitride-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 664 18.9 g-C3N4-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 665 18.10 TMD-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 667 18.11 MOF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 668 18.12 COF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 670 18.13 Concluding Remarks 672 19 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separation 681 Diksha Yadav , Sachin Karki, Moucham Borpatra Gohain and Pravin G. Ingole 19.1 Introduction 681 19.2 2D Nanomaterials 683 19.3 Classification of 2D Nanomaterial 685 19.4 Development of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 688 19.5 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 696 19.6 Future Directions 704 19.7 Conclusion 704 20 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing 713 Raghav G. R., Sreejesh Moolayadukkam, Neethu Rose Thomas and Gibin George 20.1 Introduction 714 20.2 Preparation of Polymer Composite Films for Sensing 715 20.3 Principles of Gas Sensing 716 20.4 Evaluation of Gas Sensing Devices 718 20.5 Development of Polymer-Based VOCs/Gas Sensors 718 20.6 Conclusions 735 21 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Protective Anticorrosive Coatings 743 Houra Pezeshk-Fallah, Seyedeh Zahra Haeri, Mohammad Ramezanzadeh and Bahram Ramezanzadeh 21.1 Introduction 744 21.2 Polymeric Coatings: Concepts and Formulation 744 21.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 746 21.4 Industrial Applications 776 21.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 777 References 778 Index 797