PART I VACCINES: INTRODUCTION

1. Challenges for Vaccinologists in the First Half of the Twenty First Century

Sunil Thomas, Ann Abraham, Patrick J. Callaghan, and Rino Rappuoli

2. Principles in Immunology for the Design and Development of Vaccines

Claudius U. Meyer and Fred Zepp

3. Revisiting the Principles of Designing a Vaccine

Shubhranshu Zutshi, Sunil Kumar, Prashant Chauhan, Bhaskar Saha

4. Status of COVID-19 Pandemic before the Administration of Vaccine

Sunil Thomas

PART II TRENDS IN VACCINOLOGY

5. mRNA Vaccines to Protect against Diseases

Sunil Thomas and Ann Abraham

6. Artificial Intelligence in Vaccine and Drug Design

Sunil Thomas, Ann Abraham, Jeremy Baldwin, Sakshi Piplani, and Nikolai Petrovsky

PART III VACCINES FOR HUMAN VIRAL DISEASES

7. Vaccines Targeting Numerous Coronavirus Antigens, Ensuring Broader Global Population Coverage: Multi-Epitope and Multi-Patch Vaccines

Sukrit Srivastava, Spyros D. Chatziefthymiou, Michael Kolbe

8. Use of Micro-computed Tomography to Visualize and Quantify COVID-19 Vaccine Efficiency in Free-breathing Hamsters

Laura Seldeslachts, Christopher Cawthorne, Suzanne F. Kaptein, Robbert Boudewijns, Hendrik Jan Thibaut, Lorena Sanchez Felipe, Sapna Sharma, Georg Schramm, Birgit Weynand, Kai Dallmeier and Greetje Vande Velde

9. Design of Replication-Competent VSV- and Ervebo-vectored Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Qixing Liu, Zhe Ding, Jiaming Lan, and Gary Wong

10. CRISPR Engineering of Bacteriophage T4 to Design Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Pathogens

Jingen Zhu, Neeti Ananthaswamy, Swati Jain, Himanshu Batra, Wei-Chun Tang, and Venigalla B. Rao

11. Techniques for Developing and Assessing Immune Responses Induced by Synthetic DNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases

Ziyang Xu, Michelle Ho, Devivasha Bordoloi, Sagar Kudchodkar, Makan Khoshnejad, Leila Giron, Faraz Zaidi, Moonsup Jeong, Christine C. Roberts, Young K. Park, Joel Maslow, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, and Kar Muthumani

12. Towards Determining the Epitopes of the Structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2

Sunil Thomas

13. Development, production and characterization of hepatitis B subviral envelope particles as a third-generation vaccine

Juan Manuel Battagliotti, Diego Fontana, Marina Etcheverrigaray, Ricardo Kratje, and Claudio Prieto

14. Generation of CpG-Recoded Zika Virus Vaccine Candidates

Ivan Trus, Daniel Udenze, Uladzimir Karniychuk

PART IV VACCINES FOR HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES

15. Salmonella Uptake into Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues: Implications for Targeted Mucosal Vaccine Design and Delivery

16. Development of Human Recombinant Leptospirosis Vaccines

Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira, Thaís Larré Oliveira, Sérgio Jorge, and Odir Antônio Dellagostin

17. Induction of T-cell Responses by Vaccination of a Streptococcus pneumoniae Whole Cell Vaccine

Emily M. Roy, Fan Zhang, Richard Malley, and Ying-Jie Lu

Melibea Berzosa, Yadira Pastor, Carlos Gamazo, and Juan Manuel Irache

19. Construction of Novel Live Genetically Modified BCG Vaccine Candidates using Recombineering Tools

Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez and Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez

20. An Update on Tuberculosis Vaccines

Radha Gopalaswamy and Selvakuma