About the Author: ​Carlos Francisco Silva, MD, who currently works in a research position at University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, is a Portuguese board-certified radiologist with a special interest in value-based radiology and healthcare management. He studied Medicine at Coimbra University (2000-6) and started his medical career in 2007 at Santa Maria University Hospital in Lisbon (internship and radiology residency). In 2012, during the last year of his residency, he gained experience in the subspecialized field of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Radiology at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Centre in Los Angeles. In 2013 he gained both his national Board Certification in Radiology and the European Diploma in Radiology from the European Society of Radiology. He has since been active in the field of Clinical Radiology, but also in research and management, as a member of Quality and Management Section of the Portuguese Radiological Society. In 2017 he published a national pioneer study on value-based radiology in the most prestigious Portuguese indexed journal, Acta Médica Portuguesa.

Oyunbileg von Stackelberg, PhD, is the scientific project manager at the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany. She received her PhD in molecular biology from the University of Hannover and completed her post-doc at the University of Freiburg. Moving from bench to bedside, she became involved in imaging, first at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and later at University Hospital Heidelberg. She is also a member of the Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the German National Cohort (NAKO). Her research focus is on population imaging, in detail standardization, incidental findings, cancer, and lung diseases.

Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, MD, is Full Professor and Chairman of Radiology at the University of Heidelberg as well as the Medical Director of the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. He studied Medicine at the Universities of Bonn, Heidelberg and Cologne. He started his Radiology Residency in 1989 at the University Hospital Mainz and received his Habilitation degree as University Lecturer in 1998. From 1996 until 2002 he acted as Assistant Professor for Chest Radiology at the University Hospital Mainz. In 2003 he became Full Professor for Radiology and led the Department of Radiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg before taking the Chairmanship of Radiology at the University of Heidelberg in 2008. He was among the first to implement helium-3 MRI in clinical trials. Since then, his group has focused on standard protocols for routine comprehensive proton MRI of lung disease. He served as President of the European Society of Thoracic Imaging in 2011 and the Fleischner Society in 2015.