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Wasserverfügbarkeit und agrarische Nutzung im Einzugsgebiet des Tarim

Wasserverfügbarkeit und agrarische Nutzung im Einzugsgebiet des Tarim


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About the Book

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Phys. Geogr., Geomorphologie, Umweltforschung, Note: 2,0, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Geographisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Hauptseminar: "Aktuelle Umweltprobleme in Xinjiang (Westchina)", Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das in Süd-Xinjiang gelegene Einzugsgebiet des Tarim hat innerhalb der letzten 50 Jahre eine enorme Entwicklung durchlaufen. Während es vor der Machtübernahme der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas 1949 und dem darauf folgenden Einzug der Volksbefreiungsarmee in Xinjiang ein ‒ abgesehen von vereinzelten Oasensiedlungen und kurzzeitig verweilenden Nomadenstämmen ‒ nahezu unbesiedeltes Gebiet darstellte, wurde die Siedlungsstruktur nach 1949 durch eine gezielte Ansiedlung von Han-Chinesen schlagartig geändert. Zur Nahrungsmittelversorgung der neuen, die Grenzregion kontrollierenden Siedler, aber auch, um die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Xinjiangs voranzutreiben, wurde Ende der 50er Jahre ein ausgedehntes Landerschließungsprogramm und eine in Schüben folgende Agrarkolonisation durchgeführt. Von Produktions- und Aufbaukorps geführte Staatsfarmen, agrarische Landnutzungsflächen, Staudämme, Bewässerungssysteme und neue Straßen diktierten fortan neben der traditionellen uigurischen Oasenwirtschaft das Landschaftsbild. Die exzessive Erschließung eines überschätzten Landnutzungspotentials am Rande der Taklimakan hatte neben politischen, ökonomischen und sozialen vor allem tief greifende ökologische Folgen, wie die starke Verringerung der Abflussmenge des Tarim, das Trockenfallen seiner Endseen und eines großen Teils seines Unterlaufs sowie die Absenkung des Grundwasserspiegels. Das veränderte Flussregime führte innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte zur Degradation des sog. "Grünen Korridors", d. h. der Auenwälder entlang des Tarim sowie zur Zerstörung der umliegenden Wüstenvegetation und einer damit verbundenen Versandung. Durch die landwirtschaftlich bedingte Erhöhung des Miner


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783640645220
  • Publisher: Grin Publishing
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 113 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3640645227
  • Publisher Date: 25 Jul 2010
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 36
  • Series Title: German
  • Sub Title: Aktuelle Problematik und Verbesserungsvorschläge
  • Width: 148 mm


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